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  4. Giáo Án KHTN 8 Kết Nối Tri Thức Với Cuộc Sống

Bài giảng Khoa học tự nhiên Lớp 8 Sách Kết nối tri thức - Cách sử dụng bảng tuần hoàn các nguyên tố hoá học - Trường THCS Thị trấn Gôi

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  • pptxbai_giang_khoa_hoc_tu_nhien_lop_8_sach_ket_noi_tri_thuc_cach.pptx

Nội dung tài liệu: Bài giảng Khoa học tự nhiên Lớp 8 Sách Kết nối tri thức - Cách sử dụng bảng tuần hoàn các nguyên tố hoá học - Trường THCS Thị trấn Gôi

  1. START CÁCH SỬ DỤNG BẢNG TUẦN HOÀN CÁC NGUYÊN TỐ HOÁ HỌC
  2. BẢNG TUẦN HOÀN CÁC NGUYÊN TỐ HÓA HỌC Design: ThS. Nguyễn Phú (IA) (VIIIA) (1) Hoạt (18) 1 1,00 1 1,008 2 4,00 H 2,208 He 3 1 Hydrogen (IIA) (IIIA) (IVA) (VA) (VIA) (VIIA) Helium 1 2,20 2 1s (2) H (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) 1s -1, 1 3 6,94 4 9,01 5 10,8 6 12,0 7 14,007 8 15,999 9 18,998 10 20,18 Li 0,98 Be 1,57 Hydroge B 2,041 C 2,551 N 3,04 O 3,44 F 3,98 Ne 2 Lithium Beryllium 1 Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon 1s22s1 1s22s2 n 1s 1s22s22p1 1s22s22p2 1s22s22p3 1s22s22p4 1s22s22p5 1s22s22p6 1 2 AUDIO H 3 -4,-3,-2,- -3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 -2,-1, [-1/2,- -1 1,0,1,2,3,4 1/3,1],2 11 22,989 12 24,31 -1, 1 13 26,9 14 28,0 15 30,9 16 32,0 17 35,4 18 39,9 Na 0,93 Mg 1,31 Al 1,618 Si 1,909 P 2,197 S 2,586 Cl 3,165 Ar 5 3 Sodium Magnesium (IIIB) (IVB) (VB) (VIB) (VIIB) (VIIIB) (VIIIB) (VIIIB) (IB) (IIB) Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon [Ne]3s1 [Ne]3s2 (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) [Ne]3s23p1 [Ne]3s23p2 [Ne]3s23p3 [Ne]3s23p4 [Ne]3s23p5 [Ne]3s23p6 1 2 3 4 -3, [1], 3, [4], -2, -1, [1, 2] 4, -1, 1, 3, [4], 5, 5 6 7 19 39,098 20 40,08 21 44,96 22 47,90 23 50,94 24 51,996 25 54,94 26 55,85 27 58,93 28 58,71 29 63,54 30 65,38 31 69,7 32 72,6 33 74,9 34 78,9 35 79,9 36 83,8 K 0,82 Ca 1,00 Sc 1,36 Ti 1,54 V 1,63 Cr 1,66 Mn 1,55 Fe 1,83 Co 1,88 Ni 1,91 Cu 1,90 Zn 1,65 Ga 1,812 Ge 2,014 As 2,182 Se 2,556 Br 2,961 Kr 3,000 4 Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton [Ar]4s1 [Ar]4s2 [Ar]3d14s2 [Ar]3d24s2 [Ar]3d34s2 [Ar]3d54s1 [Ar]3d54s2 [Ar]3d64s2 [Ar]3d74s2 [Ar]3d84s2 [Ar]3d104s1 [Ar]3d104s2 [Ar]3d104s24p [Ar]3d104s24p [Ar]3d104s24p [Ar]3d104s24p [Ar]3d104s24p [Ar]3d104s24p 1 2 3 2, 3, 4 2, [3], 4, 5 2, 3, 4, 6 2, 3, 4, [5], 2, 3, [4, 5, 6] 2, [3], [4] 2, [3], [4] 1, 2 2 31 2,2 4 -3, 33, 5 -2, 44, 6 -1, 1, [3],5 [4], 2,6 4 6, 7 5, 7 37 85,4 38 87,6 39 88,91 40 91,22 41 92,91 42 95,94 43 (99) 44 101,07 45 102,91 46 106,40 47 107,87 48 112,41 49 114,82 50 118,69 51 121,75 52 127,60 53 126,90 54 131,30 Rb 0,827 Sr 0,952 Y 1,22 Zr 1,33 Nb 1,60 Mo 2,16 Tc 1,90 Ru 2,20 Rh 2,28 Pd 2,20 Ag 1,93 Cd 1,69 In 1,78 Sn 1,96 Sb 2,05 Te 2,10 I 2,66 Xe 2, 60 5 Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum TechnetiumRuthenium Rhodium Paladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon [Kr]5s1 [Kr]5s2 [Kr]4d15s2 [Kr]4d25s2 [Kr]4d45s1 [Kr]4d55s1 [Kr]4d55s2 [Kr]4d75s1 [Kr]4d85s1 [Kr]4d105s0 [Kr]4d105s1 [Kr]4d105s2 [Kr]4d105s25p [Kr]4d105s25p [Kr]4d105s25p [Kr]4d105s25p [Kr]4d105s25p [Kr]4d105s25p 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 [2], [3], 4 [2], [3], [4], 2, 3, 4, [5], 3, 4, [5], 2, 3, 4, [5, 6], 2, 3, 4 2, [3], 4 1, [2] 2 1, 3 2, 4 -3, 3, [4], 5 -2, [2], 4, 6 -1, 1, 3, 5, 2, 4, 6 5 6 [6], 7 8 7 55 132,91 56 137,31 72 178,49 73 180,95 74 183,85 75 186,20 76 190,20 77 192,20 78 195,09 79 196,97 80 200,59 81 204,37 82 207,20 83 208,98 84 (209) 85 (210) 86 (222) 57 – 71 Cs 0,79 Ba 0,89 Hf 1,30 Ta 1,50 W 2,36 Re 1,90 Os 2,20 Ir 2,20 Pt 2,28 Au 2,54 Hg 2,00 Tl 1,80 Pb 1,80 Bi 1,90 Po 2,00 At 2,20 Rn 6 Caesium Barium Lanthanides Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon [Xe]6s1 [Xe]6s2 [Xe]4f145d26s2 [Xe]4f145d36s2 [Xe]4f145d46s2 [Xe]4f145d56s2 [Xe]4f145d66s2 [Xe]4f145d76s2 [Xe]4f145d96s1 [Xe]4f145d106s [Xe]4f145d106s [Xe]4f145d106s26p [Xe]4f145d106s26p [Xe]4f145d106s26p [Xe]4f145d106s26p [Xe]4f145d106s26p [Xe]4f145d106s26p 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 [2], [3], 4 [2], [3], [4], 2, [3], [4], [2], 3, 4, [5], 2, 3, 4, [6], 8 2, 3, 4, [6] 2, [3], 4, [6] 1, 3 1, 3 1, 3 2, 4 3, 5 -2, 2, 4, 6 -1, 1, 3, 5, [4] 5 [5], 6 [6], 7 7 87 (223) 88 (226) 104 (267)* 105 (268)* 106 (269)* 107 (270)* 108 (277)* 109 (278)* 110 (281)* 111 (282)* 112 (285)* 113 (286)* 114 (289)* 115 (290)* 116 (293)* 117 (294)* 118 (294)* 89 – 103 Fr 0,70 Ra 0,90 Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og 7 Francium Radium Actinides Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium MeitneriumDarmstadtiumRoentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium TennessiumOganesson [Rn]7s1 [Rn]7s2 [Rn]5f146d27s2 [Rn]5f146d37s2 [Rn]5f146d47s2 [Rn]5f146d57s2 [Rn]5f146d67s2 [Rn]5f146d77s2 [Rn]5f146d87s2 [Rn]5f146d97s2 [Rn]5f146d107s [Rn]5f146d107s27p [Rn]5f146d107s27p [Rn]5f146d107s27p [Rn]5f146d107s27p [Rn]5f146d107s27p [Rn]5f146d107s27p 3 4 1 2 2 1 2 5 6 Các nguyên tố Các nguyên tố Các nguyên tố Các nguyên tố Kim Phi s d p f loại kim 57 138,91 58 140,12 59 140,91 60 144,24 61 (147) 62 150,35 63 151,9 64 157,2 65 158,93 66 162,5 67 164,9 68 167,26 69 168,93 70 173,04 71 174,97 6 5 0 3 - Lưu ý: Số oxi hóa dương La 1,10 Ce 1,12 Pr 1,13 Nd 1,14 P 1,13 Sm 1,17 Eu 1,20 Gd 1,20 Tb 1,10 Dy 1,22 Ho 1,23 Er 1,24 T 1,25 Yb 1,10 Lu 1,27 Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium NeodymiumPromethiumm Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Homium Erbium Thuliumm Ytterbium Lutetium trong bảng tuần hoàn [Xe]5d16s2 [Xe]4f25d06s [Xe]4f35d06s [Xe]4f45d06s [Xe]4f55d06s [Xe]4f65d06s [Xe]4f75d06s [Xe]4f75d16s [Xe]4f95d06s [Xe]4f105d06s [Xe]4f115d06s2 [Xe]4f125d06s2 [Xe]4f135d06s2 [Xe]4f145d06s2 [Xe]4f145d16s2 3 3,2 4 3,2 4 [2], 23, 4 32 2,2 3 2,2 3 32 3,2 4 3,2 4 3 3 (2), 3 2, 3 3 không kèm thêm dấu 89 (227) 90 232,04 91 231,04 92 238,03 93 (237) 94 (244) 95 (243) 96 (247) 97 (247) 98 (251) 99 (252) 100 (257) 101 (258) 102 (259) 103 (266) - (*): Đồng vị bền Ac 1,10 Th 1,30 Pa 1,50 U 1,38 Np 1,36 Pu 1,28 Am 1,13 C 1,28 Bk 2,20 Cf 1,30 Es 1,30 F 1,30 Md 1,30 No 1,30 Lr Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curiumm Berkelium CaliformiumEinsteiniumFermiumm Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium [Rn]6d17s2 [Rn]5f06d27s [Rn]5f26d17s [Rn]5f36d17s [Rn]5f46d17s [Rn]5f66d07s [Rn]5f76d07s [Rn]5f76d17s [Rn]5f96d07s [Rn]5f106d07s2 [Rn]5f116d07s2 [Rn]5f126d07s [Rn]5f136d07s2 [Rn]5f146d07s2 [Rn]5f146d17s2 2 3 42 4,2 5 [3], 4,2 [5], 6 [3], 4,2 5, 6 [3], 4,2 5, 6 [3], 4,2 5, 6 32 3,2 4 3 3 3 2, 3 2, 3 3
  3. BẢNG TUẦN HOÀN CÁC NGUYÊN TỐ HÓA HỌC Design: ThS. Nguyễn Phú (IA) (VIIIA) (1) Hoạt (18) 1 1,00 3 6,94 2 4,00 H 2,208 He 3 1 Hydrogen (IIA) (IIIA) (IVA) (VA) (VIA) (VIIA) Helium 1 0,98 2 1s (2) Li (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) 1s -1, 1 3 6,94 4 9,01 5 10,8 6 12,0 7 14,007 8 15,999 9 18,998 10 20,18 Li 0,98 Be 1,57 Lithium B 2,041 C 2,551 N 3,04 O 3,44 F 3,98 Ne 2 Lithium Beryllium 2 1 Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon 1s22s1 1s22s2 1s 2s 1s22s22p1 1s22s22p2 1s22s22p3 1s22s22p4 1s22s22p5 1s22s22p6 1 2 AUDIO Li 3 -4,-3,-2,- -3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 -2,-1, [-1/2,- -1 1,0,1,2,3,4 1/3,1],2 11 22,989 12 24,31 1 13 26,9 14 28,0 15 30,9 16 32,0 17 35,4 18 39,9 Na 0,93 Mg 1,31 Al 1,618 Si 1,909 P 2,197 S 2,586 Cl 3,165 Ar 5 3 Sodium Magnesium (IIIB) (IVB) (VB) (VIB) (VIIB) (VIIIB) (VIIIB) (VIIIB) (IB) (IIB) Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon [Ne]3s1 [Ne]3s2 (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) [Ne]3s23p1 [Ne]3s23p2 [Ne]3s23p3 [Ne]3s23p4 [Ne]3s23p5 [Ne]3s23p6 1 2 3 4 -3, [1], 3, [4], -2, -1, [1, 2] 4, -1, 1, 3, [4], 5, 5 6 7 19 39,098 20 40,08 21 44,96 22 47,90 23 50,94 24 51,996 25 54,94 26 55,85 27 58,93 28 58,71 29 63,54 30 65,38 31 69,7 32 72,6 33 74,9 34 78,9 35 79,9 36 83,8 K 0,82 Ca 1,00 Sc 1,36 Ti 1,54 V 1,63 Cr 1,66 Mn 1,55 Fe 1,83 Co 1,88 Ni 1,91 Cu 1,90 Zn 1,65 Ga 1,812 Ge 2,014 As 2,182 Se 2,556 Br 2,961 Kr 3,000 4 Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton [Ar]4s1 [Ar]4s2 [Ar]3d14s2 [Ar]3d24s2 [Ar]3d34s2 [Ar]3d54s1 [Ar]3d54s2 [Ar]3d64s2 [Ar]3d74s2 [Ar]3d84s2 [Ar]3d104s1 [Ar]3d104s2 [Ar]3d104s24p [Ar]3d104s24p [Ar]3d104s24p [Ar]3d104s24p [Ar]3d104s24p [Ar]3d104s24p 1 2 3 2, 3, 4 2, [3], 4, 5 2, 3, 4, 6 2, 3, 4, [5], 2, 3, [4, 5, 6] 2, [3], [4] 2, [3], [4] 1, 2 2 31 2,2 4 -3, 33, 5 -2, 44, 6 -1, 1, [3],5 [4], 2,6 4 6, 7 5, 7 37 85,4 38 87,6 39 88,91 40 91,22 41 92,91 42 95,94 43 (99) 44 101,07 45 102,91 46 106,40 47 107,87 48 112,41 49 114,82 50 118,69 51 121,75 52 127,60 53 126,90 54 131,30 Rb 0,827 Sr 0,952 Y 1,22 Zr 1,33 Nb 1,60 Mo 2,16 Tc 1,90 Ru 2,20 Rh 2,28 Pd 2,20 Ag 1,93 Cd 1,69 In 1,78 Sn 1,96 Sb 2,05 Te 2,10 I 2,66 Xe 2, 60 5 Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum TechnetiumRuthenium Rhodium Paladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon [Kr]5s1 [Kr]5s2 [Kr]4d15s2 [Kr]4d25s2 [Kr]4d45s1 [Kr]4d55s1 [Kr]4d55s2 [Kr]4d75s1 [Kr]4d85s1 [Kr]4d105s0 [Kr]4d105s1 [Kr]4d105s2 [Kr]4d105s25p [Kr]4d105s25p [Kr]4d105s25p [Kr]4d105s25p [Kr]4d105s25p [Kr]4d105s25p 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 [2], [3], 4 [2], [3], [4], 2, 3, 4, [5], 3, 4, [5], 2, 3, 4, [5, 6], 2, 3, 4 2, [3], 4 1, [2] 2 1, 3 2, 4 -3, 3, [4], 5 -2, [2], 4, 6 -1, 1, 3, 5, 2, 4, 6 5 6 [6], 7 8 7 55 132,91 56 137,31 72 178,49 73 180,95 74 183,85 75 186,20 76 190,20 77 192,20 78 195,09 79 196,97 80 200,59 81 204,37 82 207,20 83 208,98 84 (209) 85 (210) 86 (222) 57 – 71 Cs 0,79 Ba 0,89 Hf 1,30 Ta 1,50 W 2,36 Re 1,90 Os 2,20 Ir 2,20 Pt 2,28 Au 2,54 Hg 2,00 Tl 1,80 Pb 1,80 Bi 1,90 Po 2,00 At 2,20 Rn 6 Caesium Barium Lanthanides Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon [Xe]6s1 [Xe]6s2 [Xe]4f145d26s2 [Xe]4f145d36s2 [Xe]4f145d46s2 [Xe]4f145d56s2 [Xe]4f145d66s2 [Xe]4f145d76s2 [Xe]4f145d96s1 [Xe]4f145d106s [Xe]4f145d106s [Xe]4f145d106s26p [Xe]4f145d106s26p [Xe]4f145d106s26p [Xe]4f145d106s26p [Xe]4f145d106s26p [Xe]4f145d106s26p 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 [2], [3], 4 [2], [3], [4], 2, [3], [4], [2], 3, 4, [5], 2, 3, 4, [6], 8 2, 3, 4, [6] 2, [3], 4, [6] 1, 3 1, 3 1, 3 2, 4 3, 5 -2, 2, 4, 6 -1, 1, 3, 5, [4] 5 [5], 6 [6], 7 7 87 (223) 88 (226) 104 (267)* 105 (268)* 106 (269)* 107 (270)* 108 (277)* 109 (278)* 110 (281)* 111 (282)* 112 (285)* 113 (286)* 114 (289)* 115 (290)* 116 (293)* 117 (294)* 118 (294)* 89 – 103 Fr 0,70 Ra 0,90 Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og 7 Francium Radium Actinides Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium MeitneriumDarmstadtiumRoentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium TennessiumOganesson [Rn]7s1 [Rn]7s2 [Rn]5f146d27s2 [Rn]5f146d37s2 [Rn]5f146d47s2 [Rn]5f146d57s2 [Rn]5f146d67s2 [Rn]5f146d77s2 [Rn]5f146d87s2 [Rn]5f146d97s2 [Rn]5f146d107s [Rn]5f146d107s27p [Rn]5f146d107s27p [Rn]5f146d107s27p [Rn]5f146d107s27p [Rn]5f146d107s27p [Rn]5f146d107s27p 3 4 1 2 2 1 2 5 6 Các nguyên tố Các nguyên tố Các nguyên tố Các nguyên tố Kim Phi s d p f loại kim 57 138,91 58 140,12 59 140,91 60 144,24 61 (147) 62 150,35 63 151,9 64 157,2 65 158,93 66 162,5 67 164,9 68 167,26 69 168,93 70 173,04 71 174,97 6 5 0 3 - Lưu ý: Số oxi hóa dương La 1,10 Ce 1,12 Pr 1,13 Nd 1,14 P 1,13 Sm 1,17 Eu 1,20 Gd 1,20 Tb 1,10 Dy 1,22 Ho 1,23 Er 1,24 T 1,25 Yb 1,10 Lu 1,27 Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium NeodymiumPromethiumm Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Homium Erbium Thuliumm Ytterbium Lutetium trong bảng tuần hoàn [Xe]5d16s2 [Xe]4f25d06s [Xe]4f35d06s [Xe]4f45d06s [Xe]4f55d06s [Xe]4f65d06s [Xe]4f75d06s [Xe]4f75d16s [Xe]4f95d06s [Xe]4f105d06s [Xe]4f115d06s2 [Xe]4f125d06s2 [Xe]4f135d06s2 [Xe]4f145d06s2 [Xe]4f145d16s2 3 3,2 4 3,2 4 [2], 23, 4 32 2,2 3 2,2 3 32 3,2 4 3,2 4 3 3 (2), 3 2, 3 3 không kèm thêm dấu 89 (227) 90 232,04 91 231,04 92 238,03 93 (237) 94 (244) 95 (243) 96 (247) 97 (247) 98 (251) 99 (252) 100 (257) 101 (258) 102 (259) 103 (266) - (*): Đồng vị bền Ac 1,10 Th 1,30 Pa 1,50 U 1,38 Np 1,36 Pu 1,28 Am 1,13 C 1,28 Bk 2,20 Cf 1,30 Es 1,30 F 1,30 Md 1,30 No 1,30 Lr Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curiumm Berkelium CaliformiumEinsteiniumFermiumm Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium [Rn]6d17s2 [Rn]5f06d27s [Rn]5f26d17s [Rn]5f36d17s [Rn]5f46d17s [Rn]5f66d07s [Rn]5f76d07s [Rn]5f76d17s [Rn]5f96d07s [Rn]5f106d07s2 [Rn]5f116d07s2 [Rn]5f126d07s [Rn]5f136d07s2 [Rn]5f146d07s2 [Rn]5f146d17s2 2 3 42 4,2 5 [3], 4,2 [5], 6 [3], 4,2 5, 6 [3], 4,2 5, 6 [3], 4,2 5, 6 32 3,2 4 3 3 3 2, 3 2, 3 3
  4. BẢNG TUẦN HOÀN CÁC NGUYÊN TỐ HÓA HỌC Design: ThS. Nguyễn Phú (IA) (VIIIA) (1) Hoạt (18) 1 1,00 11 22,989 2 4,00 H 2,208 He 3 1 Hydrogen (IIA) (IIIA) (IVA) (VA) (VIA) (VIIA) Helium 1 0,93 2 1s (2) Na (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) 1s -1, 1 3 6,94 4 9,01 5 10,8 6 12,0 7 14,007 8 15,999 9 18,998 10 20,18 Li 0,98 Be 1,57 Sodium B 2,041 C 2,551 N 3,04 O 3,44 F 3,98 Ne 2 Lithium Beryllium 1 Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon 1s22s1 1s22s2 [Ne]3s 1s22s22p1 1s22s22p2 1s22s22p3 1s22s22p4 1s22s22p5 1s22s22p6 1 2 AUDIO Na 3 -4,-3,-2,- -3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 -2,-1, [-1/2,- -1 1,0,1,2,3,4 1/3,1],2 11 22,989 12 24,31 1 13 26,9 14 28,0 15 30,9 16 32,0 17 35,4 18 39,9 Na 0,93 Mg 1,31 Al 1,618 Si 1,909 P 2,197 S 2,586 Cl 3,165 Ar 5 3 Sodium Magnesium (IIIB) (IVB) (VB) (VIB) (VIIB) (VIIIB) (VIIIB) (VIIIB) (IB) (IIB) Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon [Ne]3s1 [Ne]3s2 (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) [Ne]3s23p1 [Ne]3s23p2 [Ne]3s23p3 [Ne]3s23p4 [Ne]3s23p5 [Ne]3s23p6 1 2 3 4 -3, [1], 3, [4], -2, -1, [1, 2] 4, -1, 1, 3, [4], 5, 5 6 7 19 39,098 20 40,08 21 44,96 22 47,90 23 50,94 24 51,996 25 54,94 26 55,85 27 58,93 28 58,71 29 63,54 30 65,38 31 69,7 32 72,6 33 74,9 34 78,9 35 79,9 36 83,8 K 0,82 Ca 1,00 Sc 1,36 Ti 1,54 V 1,63 Cr 1,66 Mn 1,55 Fe 1,83 Co 1,88 Ni 1,91 Cu 1,90 Zn 1,65 Ga 1,812 Ge 2,014 As 2,182 Se 2,556 Br 2,961 Kr 3,000 4 Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton [Ar]4s1 [Ar]4s2 [Ar]3d14s2 [Ar]3d24s2 [Ar]3d34s2 [Ar]3d54s1 [Ar]3d54s2 [Ar]3d64s2 [Ar]3d74s2 [Ar]3d84s2 [Ar]3d104s1 [Ar]3d104s2 [Ar]3d104s24p [Ar]3d104s24p [Ar]3d104s24p [Ar]3d104s24p [Ar]3d104s24p [Ar]3d104s24p 1 2 3 2, 3, 4 2, [3], 4, 5 2, 3, 4, 6 2, 3, 4, [5], 2, 3, [4, 5, 6] 2, [3], [4] 2, [3], [4] 1, 2 2 31 2,2 4 -3, 33, 5 -2, 44, 6 -1, 1, [3],5 [4], 2,6 4 6, 7 5, 7 37 85,4 38 87,6 39 88,91 40 91,22 41 92,91 42 95,94 43 (99) 44 101,07 45 102,91 46 106,40 47 107,87 48 112,41 49 114,82 50 118,69 51 121,75 52 127,60 53 126,90 54 131,30 Rb 0,827 Sr 0,952 Y 1,22 Zr 1,33 Nb 1,60 Mo 2,16 Tc 1,90 Ru 2,20 Rh 2,28 Pd 2,20 Ag 1,93 Cd 1,69 In 1,78 Sn 1,96 Sb 2,05 Te 2,10 I 2,66 Xe 2, 60 5 Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum TechnetiumRuthenium Rhodium Paladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon [Kr]5s1 [Kr]5s2 [Kr]4d15s2 [Kr]4d25s2 [Kr]4d45s1 [Kr]4d55s1 [Kr]4d55s2 [Kr]4d75s1 [Kr]4d85s1 [Kr]4d105s0 [Kr]4d105s1 [Kr]4d105s2 [Kr]4d105s25p [Kr]4d105s25p [Kr]4d105s25p [Kr]4d105s25p [Kr]4d105s25p [Kr]4d105s25p 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 [2], [3], 4 [2], [3], [4], 2, 3, 4, [5], 3, 4, [5], 2, 3, 4, [5, 6], 2, 3, 4 2, [3], 4 1, [2] 2 1, 3 2, 4 -3, 3, [4], 5 -2, [2], 4, 6 -1, 1, 3, 5, 2, 4, 6 5 6 [6], 7 8 7 55 132,91 56 137,31 72 178,49 73 180,95 74 183,85 75 186,20 76 190,20 77 192,20 78 195,09 79 196,97 80 200,59 81 204,37 82 207,20 83 208,98 84 (209) 85 (210) 86 (222) 57 – 71 Cs 0,79 Ba 0,89 Hf 1,30 Ta 1,50 W 2,36 Re 1,90 Os 2,20 Ir 2,20 Pt 2,28 Au 2,54 Hg 2,00 Tl 1,80 Pb 1,80 Bi 1,90 Po 2,00 At 2,20 Rn 6 Caesium Barium Lanthanides Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon [Xe]6s1 [Xe]6s2 [Xe]4f145d26s2 [Xe]4f145d36s2 [Xe]4f145d46s2 [Xe]4f145d56s2 [Xe]4f145d66s2 [Xe]4f145d76s2 [Xe]4f145d96s1 [Xe]4f145d106s [Xe]4f145d106s [Xe]4f145d106s26p [Xe]4f145d106s26p [Xe]4f145d106s26p [Xe]4f145d106s26p [Xe]4f145d106s26p [Xe]4f145d106s26p 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 [2], [3], 4 [2], [3], [4], 2, [3], [4], [2], 3, 4, [5], 2, 3, 4, [6], 8 2, 3, 4, [6] 2, [3], 4, [6] 1, 3 1, 3 1, 3 2, 4 3, 5 -2, 2, 4, 6 -1, 1, 3, 5, [4] 5 [5], 6 [6], 7 7 87 (223) 88 (226) 104 (267)* 105 (268)* 106 (269)* 107 (270)* 108 (277)* 109 (278)* 110 (281)* 111 (282)* 112 (285)* 113 (286)* 114 (289)* 115 (290)* 116 (293)* 117 (294)* 118 (294)* 89 – 103 Fr 0,70 Ra 0,90 Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og 7 Francium Radium Actinides Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium MeitneriumDarmstadtiumRoentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium TennessiumOganesson [Rn]7s1 [Rn]7s2 [Rn]5f146d27s2 [Rn]5f146d37s2 [Rn]5f146d47s2 [Rn]5f146d57s2 [Rn]5f146d67s2 [Rn]5f146d77s2 [Rn]5f146d87s2 [Rn]5f146d97s2 [Rn]5f146d107s [Rn]5f146d107s27p [Rn]5f146d107s27p [Rn]5f146d107s27p [Rn]5f146d107s27p [Rn]5f146d107s27p [Rn]5f146d107s27p 3 4 1 2 2 1 2 5 6 Các nguyên tố Các nguyên tố Các nguyên tố Các nguyên tố Kim Phi s d p f loại kim 57 138,91 58 140,12 59 140,91 60 144,24 61 (147) 62 150,35 63 151,9 64 157,2 65 158,93 66 162,5 67 164,9 68 167,26 69 168,93 70 173,04 71 174,97 6 5 0 3 - Lưu ý: Số oxi hóa dương La 1,10 Ce 1,12 Pr 1,13 Nd 1,14 P 1,13 Sm 1,17 Eu 1,20 Gd 1,20 Tb 1,10 Dy 1,22 Ho 1,23 Er 1,24 T 1,25 Yb 1,10 Lu 1,27 Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium NeodymiumPromethiumm Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Homium Erbium Thuliumm Ytterbium Lutetium trong bảng tuần hoàn [Xe]5d16s2 [Xe]4f25d06s [Xe]4f35d06s [Xe]4f45d06s [Xe]4f55d06s [Xe]4f65d06s [Xe]4f75d06s [Xe]4f75d16s [Xe]4f95d06s [Xe]4f105d06s [Xe]4f115d06s2 [Xe]4f125d06s2 [Xe]4f135d06s2 [Xe]4f145d06s2 [Xe]4f145d16s2 3 3,2 4 3,2 4 [2], 23, 4 32 2,2 3 2,2 3 32 3,2 4 3,2 4 3 3 (2), 3 2, 3 3 không kèm thêm dấu 89 (227) 90 232,04 91 231,04 92 238,03 93 (237) 94 (244) 95 (243) 96 (247) 97 (247) 98 (251) 99 (252) 100 (257) 101 (258) 102 (259) 103 (266) - (*): Đồng vị bền Ac 1,10 Th 1,30 Pa 1,50 U 1,38 Np 1,36 Pu 1,28 Am 1,13 C 1,28 Bk 2,20 Cf 1,30 Es 1,30 F 1,30 Md 1,30 No 1,30 Lr Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curiumm Berkelium CaliformiumEinsteiniumFermiumm Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium [Rn]6d17s2 [Rn]5f06d27s [Rn]5f26d17s [Rn]5f36d17s [Rn]5f46d17s [Rn]5f66d07s [Rn]5f76d07s [Rn]5f76d17s [Rn]5f96d07s [Rn]5f106d07s2 [Rn]5f116d07s2 [Rn]5f126d07s [Rn]5f136d07s2 [Rn]5f146d07s2 [Rn]5f146d17s2 2 3 42 4,2 5 [3], 4,2 [5], 6 [3], 4,2 5, 6 [3], 4,2 5, 6 [3], 4,2 5, 6 32 3,2 4 3 3 3 2, 3 2, 3 3
  5. BẢNG TUẦN HOÀN CÁC NGUYÊN TỐ HÓA HỌC Design: ThS. Nguyễn Phú (IA) (VIIIA) (1) Hoạt (18) 1 1,00 19 39,098 2 4,00 H 2,208 He 3 1 Hydrogen (IIA) (IIIA) (IVA) (VA) (VIA) (VIIA) Helium 1 0,82 2 1s (2) K (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) 1s -1, 1 3 6,94 4 9,01 5 10,8 6 12,0 7 14,007 8 15,999 9 18,998 10 20,18 Li 0,98 Be 1,57 Potassiu B 2,041 C 2,551 N 3,04 O 3,44 F 3,98 Ne 2 Lithium Beryllium 1 Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon 1s22s1 1s22s2 m [Ar]4s 1s22s22p1 1s22s22p2 1s22s22p3 1s22s22p4 1s22s22p5 1s22s22p6 1 2 AUDIO K 3 -4,-3,-2,- -3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 -2,-1, [-1/2,- -1 1,0,1,2,3,4 1/3,1],2 11 22,989 12 24,31 1 13 26,9 14 28,0 15 30,9 16 32,0 17 35,4 18 39,9 Na 0,93 Mg 1,31 Al 1,618 Si 1,909 P 2,197 S 2,586 Cl 3,165 Ar 5 3 Sodium Magnesium (IIIB) (IVB) (VB) (VIB) (VIIB) (VIIIB) (VIIIB) (VIIIB) (IB) (IIB) Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon [Ne]3s1 [Ne]3s2 (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) [Ne]3s23p1 [Ne]3s23p2 [Ne]3s23p3 [Ne]3s23p4 [Ne]3s23p5 [Ne]3s23p6 1 2 3 4 -3, [1], 3, [4], -2, -1, [1, 2] 4, -1, 1, 3, [4], 5, 5 6 7 19 39,098 20 40,08 21 44,96 22 47,90 23 50,94 24 51,996 25 54,94 26 55,85 27 58,93 28 58,71 29 63,54 30 65,38 31 69,7 32 72,6 33 74,9 34 78,9 35 79,9 36 83,8 K 0,82 Ca 1,00 Sc 1,36 Ti 1,54 V 1,63 Cr 1,66 Mn 1,55 Fe 1,83 Co 1,88 Ni 1,91 Cu 1,90 Zn 1,65 Ga 1,812 Ge 2,014 As 2,182 Se 2,556 Br 2,961 Kr 3,000 4 Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton [Ar]4s1 [Ar]4s2 [Ar]3d14s2 [Ar]3d24s2 [Ar]3d34s2 [Ar]3d54s1 [Ar]3d54s2 [Ar]3d64s2 [Ar]3d74s2 [Ar]3d84s2 [Ar]3d104s1 [Ar]3d104s2 [Ar]3d104s24p [Ar]3d104s24p [Ar]3d104s24p [Ar]3d104s24p [Ar]3d104s24p [Ar]3d104s24p 1 2 3 2, 3, 4 2, [3], 4, 5 2, 3, 4, 6 2, 3, 4, [5], 2, 3, [4, 5, 6] 2, [3], [4] 2, [3], [4] 1, 2 2 31 2,2 4 -3, 33, 5 -2, 44, 6 -1, 1, [3],5 [4], 2,6 4 6, 7 5, 7 37 85,4 38 87,6 39 88,91 40 91,22 41 92,91 42 95,94 43 (99) 44 101,07 45 102,91 46 106,40 47 107,87 48 112,41 49 114,82 50 118,69 51 121,75 52 127,60 53 126,90 54 131,30 Rb 0,827 Sr 0,952 Y 1,22 Zr 1,33 Nb 1,60 Mo 2,16 Tc 1,90 Ru 2,20 Rh 2,28 Pd 2,20 Ag 1,93 Cd 1,69 In 1,78 Sn 1,96 Sb 2,05 Te 2,10 I 2,66 Xe 2, 60 5 Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum TechnetiumRuthenium Rhodium Paladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon [Kr]5s1 [Kr]5s2 [Kr]4d15s2 [Kr]4d25s2 [Kr]4d45s1 [Kr]4d55s1 [Kr]4d55s2 [Kr]4d75s1 [Kr]4d85s1 [Kr]4d105s0 [Kr]4d105s1 [Kr]4d105s2 [Kr]4d105s25p [Kr]4d105s25p [Kr]4d105s25p [Kr]4d105s25p [Kr]4d105s25p [Kr]4d105s25p 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 [2], [3], 4 [2], [3], [4], 2, 3, 4, [5], 3, 4, [5], 2, 3, 4, [5, 6], 2, 3, 4 2, [3], 4 1, [2] 2 1, 3 2, 4 -3, 3, [4], 5 -2, [2], 4, 6 -1, 1, 3, 5, 2, 4, 6 5 6 [6], 7 8 7 55 132,91 56 137,31 72 178,49 73 180,95 74 183,85 75 186,20 76 190,20 77 192,20 78 195,09 79 196,97 80 200,59 81 204,37 82 207,20 83 208,98 84 (209) 85 (210) 86 (222) 57 – 71 Cs 0,79 Ba 0,89 Hf 1,30 Ta 1,50 W 2,36 Re 1,90 Os 2,20 Ir 2,20 Pt 2,28 Au 2,54 Hg 2,00 Tl 1,80 Pb 1,80 Bi 1,90 Po 2,00 At 2,20 Rn 6 Caesium Barium Lanthanides Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon [Xe]6s1 [Xe]6s2 [Xe]4f145d26s2 [Xe]4f145d36s2 [Xe]4f145d46s2 [Xe]4f145d56s2 [Xe]4f145d66s2 [Xe]4f145d76s2 [Xe]4f145d96s1 [Xe]4f145d106s [Xe]4f145d106s [Xe]4f145d106s26p [Xe]4f145d106s26p [Xe]4f145d106s26p [Xe]4f145d106s26p [Xe]4f145d106s26p [Xe]4f145d106s26p 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 [2], [3], 4 [2], [3], [4], 2, [3], [4], [2], 3, 4, [5], 2, 3, 4, [6], 8 2, 3, 4, [6] 2, [3], 4, [6] 1, 3 1, 3 1, 3 2, 4 3, 5 -2, 2, 4, 6 -1, 1, 3, 5, [4] 5 [5], 6 [6], 7 7 87 (223) 88 (226) 104 (267)* 105 (268)* 106 (269)* 107 (270)* 108 (277)* 109 (278)* 110 (281)* 111 (282)* 112 (285)* 113 (286)* 114 (289)* 115 (290)* 116 (293)* 117 (294)* 118 (294)* 89 – 103 Fr 0,70 Ra 0,90 Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og 7 Francium Radium Actinides Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium MeitneriumDarmstadtiumRoentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium TennessiumOganesson [Rn]7s1 [Rn]7s2 [Rn]5f146d27s2 [Rn]5f146d37s2 [Rn]5f146d47s2 [Rn]5f146d57s2 [Rn]5f146d67s2 [Rn]5f146d77s2 [Rn]5f146d87s2 [Rn]5f146d97s2 [Rn]5f146d107s [Rn]5f146d107s27p [Rn]5f146d107s27p [Rn]5f146d107s27p [Rn]5f146d107s27p [Rn]5f146d107s27p [Rn]5f146d107s27p 3 4 1 2 2 1 2 5 6 Các nguyên tố Các nguyên tố Các nguyên tố Các nguyên tố Kim Phi s d p f loại kim 57 138,91 58 140,12 59 140,91 60 144,24 61 (147) 62 150,35 63 151,9 64 157,2 65 158,93 66 162,5 67 164,9 68 167,26 69 168,93 70 173,04 71 174,97 6 5 0 3 - Lưu ý: Số oxi hóa dương La 1,10 Ce 1,12 Pr 1,13 Nd 1,14 P 1,13 Sm 1,17 Eu 1,20 Gd 1,20 Tb 1,10 Dy 1,22 Ho 1,23 Er 1,24 T 1,25 Yb 1,10 Lu 1,27 Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium NeodymiumPromethiumm Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Homium Erbium Thuliumm Ytterbium Lutetium trong bảng tuần hoàn [Xe]5d16s2 [Xe]4f25d06s [Xe]4f35d06s [Xe]4f45d06s [Xe]4f55d06s [Xe]4f65d06s [Xe]4f75d06s [Xe]4f75d16s [Xe]4f95d06s [Xe]4f105d06s [Xe]4f115d06s2 [Xe]4f125d06s2 [Xe]4f135d06s2 [Xe]4f145d06s2 [Xe]4f145d16s2 3 3,2 4 3,2 4 [2], 23, 4 32 2,2 3 2,2 3 32 3,2 4 3,2 4 3 3 (2), 3 2, 3 3 không kèm thêm dấu 89 (227) 90 232,04 91 231,04 92 238,03 93 (237) 94 (244) 95 (243) 96 (247) 97 (247) 98 (251) 99 (252) 100 (257) 101 (258) 102 (259) 103 (266) - (*): Đồng vị bền Ac 1,10 Th 1,30 Pa 1,50 U 1,38 Np 1,36 Pu 1,28 Am 1,13 C 1,28 Bk 2,20 Cf 1,30 Es 1,30 F 1,30 Md 1,30 No 1,30 Lr Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curiumm Berkelium CaliformiumEinsteiniumFermiumm Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium [Rn]6d17s2 [Rn]5f06d27s [Rn]5f26d17s [Rn]5f36d17s [Rn]5f46d17s [Rn]5f66d07s [Rn]5f76d07s [Rn]5f76d17s [Rn]5f96d07s [Rn]5f106d07s2 [Rn]5f116d07s2 [Rn]5f126d07s [Rn]5f136d07s2 [Rn]5f146d07s2 [Rn]5f146d17s2 2 3 42 4,2 5 [3], 4,2 [5], 6 [3], 4,2 5, 6 [3], 4,2 5, 6 [3], 4,2 5, 6 32 3,2 4 3 3 3 2, 3 2, 3 3
  6. BẢNG TUẦN HOÀN CÁC NGUYÊN TỐ HÓA HỌC Design: ThS. Nguyễn Phú (IA) (VIIIA) (1) Hoạt (18) 1 1,00 37 85,47 2 4,00 H 2,208 He 3 1 Hydrogen (IIA) (IIIA) (IVA) (VA) (VIA) (VIIA) Helium 1 0,82 2 1s (2) Rb (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) 1s -1, 1 3 6,94 4 9,01 5 10,8 6 12,0 7 14,007 8 15,999 9 18,998 10 20,18 Li 0,98 Be 1,57 Rubidiu B 2,041 C 2,551 N 3,04 O 3,44 F 3,98 Ne 2 Lithium Beryllium 1 Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon 1s22s1 1s22s2 m [Kr]5s 1s22s22p1 1s22s22p2 1s22s22p3 1s22s22p4 1s22s22p5 1s22s22p6 1 2 AUDIO Rb 3 -4,-3,-2,- -3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 -2,-1, [-1/2,- -1 1,0,1,2,3,4 1/3,1],2 11 22,989 12 24,31 1 13 26,9 14 28,0 15 30,9 16 32,0 17 35,4 18 39,9 Na 0,93 Mg 1,31 Al 1,618 Si 1,909 P 2,197 S 2,586 Cl 3,165 Ar 5 3 Sodium Magnesium (IIIB) (IVB) (VB) (VIB) (VIIB) (VIIIB) (VIIIB) (VIIIB) (IB) (IIB) Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon [Ne]3s1 [Ne]3s2 (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) [Ne]3s23p1 [Ne]3s23p2 [Ne]3s23p3 [Ne]3s23p4 [Ne]3s23p5 [Ne]3s23p6 1 2 3 4 -3, [1], 3, [4], -2, -1, [1, 2] 4, -1, 1, 3, [4], 5, 5 6 7 19 39,098 20 40,08 21 44,96 22 47,90 23 50,94 24 51,996 25 54,94 26 55,85 27 58,93 28 58,71 29 63,54 30 65,38 31 69,7 32 72,6 33 74,9 34 78,9 35 79,9 36 83,8 K 0,82 Ca 1,00 Sc 1,36 Ti 1,54 V 1,63 Cr 1,66 Mn 1,55 Fe 1,83 Co 1,88 Ni 1,91 Cu 1,90 Zn 1,65 Ga 1,812 Ge 2,014 As 2,182 Se 2,556 Br 2,961 Kr 3,000 4 Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton [Ar]4s1 [Ar]4s2 [Ar]3d14s2 [Ar]3d24s2 [Ar]3d34s2 [Ar]3d54s1 [Ar]3d54s2 [Ar]3d64s2 [Ar]3d74s2 [Ar]3d84s2 [Ar]3d104s1 [Ar]3d104s2 [Ar]3d104s24p [Ar]3d104s24p [Ar]3d104s24p [Ar]3d104s24p [Ar]3d104s24p [Ar]3d104s24p 1 2 3 2, 3, 4 2, [3], 4, 5 2, 3, 4, 6 2, 3, 4, [5], 2, 3, [4, 5, 6] 2, [3], [4] 2, [3], [4] 1, 2 2 31 2,2 4 -3, 33, 5 -2, 44, 6 -1, 1, [3],5 [4], 2,6 4 6, 7 5, 7 37 85,4 38 87,6 39 88,91 40 91,22 41 92,91 42 95,94 43 (99) 44 101,07 45 102,91 46 106,40 47 107,87 48 112,41 49 114,82 50 118,69 51 121,75 52 127,60 53 126,90 54 131,30 Rb 0,827 Sr 0,952 Y 1,22 Zr 1,33 Nb 1,60 Mo 2,16 Tc 1,90 Ru 2,20 Rh 2,28 Pd 2,20 Ag 1,93 Cd 1,69 In 1,78 Sn 1,96 Sb 2,05 Te 2,10 I 2,66 Xe 2, 60 5 Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum TechnetiumRuthenium Rhodium Paladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon [Kr]5s1 [Kr]5s2 [Kr]4d15s2 [Kr]4d25s2 [Kr]4d45s1 [Kr]4d55s1 [Kr]4d55s2 [Kr]4d75s1 [Kr]4d85s1 [Kr]4d105s0 [Kr]4d105s1 [Kr]4d105s2 [Kr]4d105s25p [Kr]4d105s25p [Kr]4d105s25p [Kr]4d105s25p [Kr]4d105s25p [Kr]4d105s25p 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 [2], [3], 4 [2], [3], [4], 2, 3, 4, [5], 3, 4, [5], 2, 3, 4, [5, 6], 2, 3, 4 2, [3], 4 1, [2] 2 1, 3 2, 4 -3, 3, [4], 5 -2, [2], 4, 6 -1, 1, 3, 5, 2, 4, 6 5 6 [6], 7 8 7 55 132,91 56 137,31 72 178,49 73 180,95 74 183,85 75 186,20 76 190,20 77 192,20 78 195,09 79 196,97 80 200,59 81 204,37 82 207,20 83 208,98 84 (209) 85 (210) 86 (222) 57 – 71 Cs 0,79 Ba 0,89 Hf 1,30 Ta 1,50 W 2,36 Re 1,90 Os 2,20 Ir 2,20 Pt 2,28 Au 2,54 Hg 2,00 Tl 1,80 Pb 1,80 Bi 1,90 Po 2,00 At 2,20 Rn 6 Caesium Barium Lanthanides Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon [Xe]6s1 [Xe]6s2 [Xe]4f145d26s2 [Xe]4f145d36s2 [Xe]4f145d46s2 [Xe]4f145d56s2 [Xe]4f145d66s2 [Xe]4f145d76s2 [Xe]4f145d96s1 [Xe]4f145d106s [Xe]4f145d106s [Xe]4f145d106s26p [Xe]4f145d106s26p [Xe]4f145d106s26p [Xe]4f145d106s26p [Xe]4f145d106s26p [Xe]4f145d106s26p 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 [2], [3], 4 [2], [3], [4], 2, [3], [4], [2], 3, 4, [5], 2, 3, 4, [6], 8 2, 3, 4, [6] 2, [3], 4, [6] 1, 3 1, 3 1, 3 2, 4 3, 5 -2, 2, 4, 6 -1, 1, 3, 5, [4] 5 [5], 6 [6], 7 7 87 (223) 88 (226) 104 (267)* 105 (268)* 106 (269)* 107 (270)* 108 (277)* 109 (278)* 110 (281)* 111 (282)* 112 (285)* 113 (286)* 114 (289)* 115 (290)* 116 (293)* 117 (294)* 118 (294)* 89 – 103 Fr 0,70 Ra 0,90 Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og 7 Francium Radium Actinides Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium MeitneriumDarmstadtiumRoentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium TennessiumOganesson [Rn]7s1 [Rn]7s2 [Rn]5f146d27s2 [Rn]5f146d37s2 [Rn]5f146d47s2 [Rn]5f146d57s2 [Rn]5f146d67s2 [Rn]5f146d77s2 [Rn]5f146d87s2 [Rn]5f146d97s2 [Rn]5f146d107s [Rn]5f146d107s27p [Rn]5f146d107s27p [Rn]5f146d107s27p [Rn]5f146d107s27p [Rn]5f146d107s27p [Rn]5f146d107s27p 3 4 1 2 2 1 2 5 6 Các nguyên tố Các nguyên tố Các nguyên tố Các nguyên tố Kim Phi s d p f loại kim 57 138,91 58 140,12 59 140,91 60 144,24 61 (147) 62 150,35 63 151,9 64 157,2 65 158,93 66 162,5 67 164,9 68 167,26 69 168,93 70 173,04 71 174,97 6 5 0 3 - Lưu ý: Số oxi hóa dương La 1,10 Ce 1,12 Pr 1,13 Nd 1,14 P 1,13 Sm 1,17 Eu 1,20 Gd 1,20 Tb 1,10 Dy 1,22 Ho 1,23 Er 1,24 T 1,25 Yb 1,10 Lu 1,27 Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium NeodymiumPromethiumm Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Homium Erbium Thuliumm Ytterbium Lutetium trong bảng tuần hoàn [Xe]5d16s2 [Xe]4f25d06s [Xe]4f35d06s [Xe]4f45d06s [Xe]4f55d06s [Xe]4f65d06s [Xe]4f75d06s [Xe]4f75d16s [Xe]4f95d06s [Xe]4f105d06s [Xe]4f115d06s2 [Xe]4f125d06s2 [Xe]4f135d06s2 [Xe]4f145d06s2 [Xe]4f145d16s2 3 3,2 4 3,2 4 [2], 23, 4 32 2,2 3 2,2 3 32 3,2 4 3,2 4 3 3 (2), 3 2, 3 3 không kèm thêm dấu 89 (227) 90 232,04 91 231,04 92 238,03 93 (237) 94 (244) 95 (243) 96 (247) 97 (247) 98 (251) 99 (252) 100 (257) 101 (258) 102 (259) 103 (266) - (*): Đồng vị bền Ac 1,10 Th 1,30 Pa 1,50 U 1,38 Np 1,36 Pu 1,28 Am 1,13 C 1,28 Bk 2,20 Cf 1,30 Es 1,30 F 1,30 Md 1,30 No 1,30 Lr Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curiumm Berkelium CaliformiumEinsteiniumFermiumm Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium [Rn]6d17s2 [Rn]5f06d27s [Rn]5f26d17s [Rn]5f36d17s [Rn]5f46d17s [Rn]5f66d07s [Rn]5f76d07s [Rn]5f76d17s [Rn]5f96d07s [Rn]5f106d07s2 [Rn]5f116d07s2 [Rn]5f126d07s [Rn]5f136d07s2 [Rn]5f146d07s2 [Rn]5f146d17s2 2 3 42 4,2 5 [3], 4,2 [5], 6 [3], 4,2 5, 6 [3], 4,2 5, 6 [3], 4,2 5, 6 32 3,2 4 3 3 3 2, 3 2, 3 3
  7. BẢNG TUẦN HOÀN CÁC NGUYÊN TỐ HÓA HỌC Design: ThS. Nguyễn Phú (IA) (VIIIA) (1) Hoạt (18) 1 1,00 55 85,47 2 4,00 H 2,208 He 3 1 Hydrogen (IIA) (IIIA) (IVA) (VA) (VIA) (VIIA) Helium 1 0,79 2 1s (2) Cs (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) 1s -1, 1 3 6,94 4 9,01 5 10,8 6 12,0 7 14,007 8 15,999 9 18,998 10 20,18 Li 0,98 Be 1,57 Caesium B 2,041 C 2,551 N 3,04 O 3,44 F 3,98 Ne 2 Lithium Beryllium 1 Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon 1s22s1 1s22s2 [Xe]6s 1s22s22p1 1s22s22p2 1s22s22p3 1s22s22p4 1s22s22p5 1s22s22p6 1 2 AUDIO Cs 3 -4,-3,-2,- -3, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 -2,-1, [-1/2,- -1 1,0,1,2,3,4 1/3,1],2 11 22,989 12 24,31 1 13 26,9 14 28,0 15 30,9 16 32,0 17 35,4 18 39,9 Na 0,93 Mg 1,31 Al 1,618 Si 1,909 P 2,197 S 2,586 Cl 3,165 Ar 5 3 Sodium Magnesium (IIIB) (IVB) (VB) (VIB) (VIIB) (VIIIB) (VIIIB) (VIIIB) (IB) (IIB) Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon [Ne]3s1 [Ne]3s2 (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) [Ne]3s23p1 [Ne]3s23p2 [Ne]3s23p3 [Ne]3s23p4 [Ne]3s23p5 [Ne]3s23p6 1 2 3 4 -3, [1], 3, [4], -2, -1, [1, 2] 4, -1, 1, 3, [4], 5, 5 6 7 19 39,098 20 40,08 21 44,96 22 47,90 23 50,94 24 51,996 25 54,94 26 55,85 27 58,93 28 58,71 29 63,54 30 65,38 31 69,7 32 72,6 33 74,9 34 78,9 35 79,9 36 83,8 K 0,82 Ca 1,00 Sc 1,36 Ti 1,54 V 1,63 Cr 1,66 Mn 1,55 Fe 1,83 Co 1,88 Ni 1,91 Cu 1,90 Zn 1,65 Ga 1,812 Ge 2,014 As 2,182 Se 2,556 Br 2,961 Kr 3,000 4 Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton [Ar]4s1 [Ar]4s2 [Ar]3d14s2 [Ar]3d24s2 [Ar]3d34s2 [Ar]3d54s1 [Ar]3d54s2 [Ar]3d64s2 [Ar]3d74s2 [Ar]3d84s2 [Ar]3d104s1 [Ar]3d104s2 [Ar]3d104s24p [Ar]3d104s24p [Ar]3d104s24p [Ar]3d104s24p [Ar]3d104s24p [Ar]3d104s24p 1 2 3 2, 3, 4 2, [3], 4, 5 2, 3, 4, 6 2, 3, 4, [5], 2, 3, [4, 5, 6] 2, [3], [4] 2, [3], [4] 1, 2 2 31 2,2 4 -3, 33, 5 -2, 44, 6 -1, 1, [3],5 [4], 2,6 4 6, 7 5, 7 37 85,4 38 87,6 39 88,91 40 91,22 41 92,91 42 95,94 43 (99) 44 101,07 45 102,91 46 106,40 47 107,87 48 112,41 49 114,82 50 118,69 51 121,75 52 127,60 53 126,90 54 131,30 Rb 0,827 Sr 0,952 Y 1,22 Zr 1,33 Nb 1,60 Mo 2,16 Tc 1,90 Ru 2,20 Rh 2,28 Pd 2,20 Ag 1,93 Cd 1,69 In 1,78 Sn 1,96 Sb 2,05 Te 2,10 I 2,66 Xe 2, 60 5 Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum TechnetiumRuthenium Rhodium Paladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon [Kr]5s1 [Kr]5s2 [Kr]4d15s2 [Kr]4d25s2 [Kr]4d45s1 [Kr]4d55s1 [Kr]4d55s2 [Kr]4d75s1 [Kr]4d85s1 [Kr]4d105s0 [Kr]4d105s1 [Kr]4d105s2 [Kr]4d105s25p [Kr]4d105s25p [Kr]4d105s25p [Kr]4d105s25p [Kr]4d105s25p [Kr]4d105s25p 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 [2], [3], 4 [2], [3], [4], 2, 3, 4, [5], 3, 4, [5], 2, 3, 4, [5, 6], 2, 3, 4 2, [3], 4 1, [2] 2 1, 3 2, 4 -3, 3, [4], 5 -2, [2], 4, 6 -1, 1, 3, 5, 2, 4, 6 5 6 [6], 7 8 7 55 132,91 56 137,31 72 178,49 73 180,95 74 183,85 75 186,20 76 190,20 77 192,20 78 195,09 79 196,97 80 200,59 81 204,37 82 207,20 83 208,98 84 (209) 85 (210) 86 (222) 57 – 71 Cs 0,79 Ba 0,89 Hf 1,30 Ta 1,50 W 2,36 Re 1,90 Os 2,20 Ir 2,20 Pt 2,28 Au 2,54 Hg 2,00 Tl 1,80 Pb 1,80 Bi 1,90 Po 2,00 At 2,20 Rn 6 Caesium Barium Lanthanides Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon [Xe]6s1 [Xe]6s2 [Xe]4f145d26s2 [Xe]4f145d36s2 [Xe]4f145d46s2 [Xe]4f145d56s2 [Xe]4f145d66s2 [Xe]4f145d76s2 [Xe]4f145d96s1 [Xe]4f145d106s [Xe]4f145d106s [Xe]4f145d106s26p [Xe]4f145d106s26p [Xe]4f145d106s26p [Xe]4f145d106s26p [Xe]4f145d106s26p [Xe]4f145d106s26p 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 [2], [3], 4 [2], [3], [4], 2, [3], [4], [2], 3, 4, [5], 2, 3, 4, [6], 8 2, 3, 4, [6] 2, [3], 4, [6] 1, 3 1, 3 1, 3 2, 4 3, 5 -2, 2, 4, 6 -1, 1, 3, 5, [4] 5 [5], 6 [6], 7 7 87 (223) 88 (226) 104 (267)* 105 (268)* 106 (269)* 107 (270)* 108 (277)* 109 (278)* 110 (281)* 111 (282)* 112 (285)* 113 (286)* 114 (289)* 115 (290)* 116 (293)* 117 (294)* 118 (294)* 89 – 103 Fr 0,70 Ra 0,90 Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og 7 Francium Radium Actinides Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium MeitneriumDarmstadtiumRoentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium TennessiumOganesson [Rn]7s1 [Rn]7s2 [Rn]5f146d27s2 [Rn]5f146d37s2 [Rn]5f146d47s2 [Rn]5f146d57s2 [Rn]5f146d67s2 [Rn]5f146d77s2 [Rn]5f146d87s2 [Rn]5f146d97s2 [Rn]5f146d107s [Rn]5f146d107s27p [Rn]5f146d107s27p [Rn]5f146d107s27p [Rn]5f146d107s27p [Rn]5f146d107s27p [Rn]5f146d107s27p 3 4 1 2 2 1 2 5 6 Các nguyên tố Các nguyên tố Các nguyên tố Các nguyên tố Kim Phi s d p f loại kim 57 138,91 58 140,12 59 140,91 60 144,24 61 (147) 62 150,35 63 151,9 64 157,2 65 158,93 66 162,5 67 164,9 68 167,26 69 168,93 70 173,04 71 174,97 6 5 0 3 - Lưu ý: Số oxi hóa dương La 1,10 Ce 1,12 Pr 1,13 Nd 1,14 P 1,13 Sm 1,17 Eu 1,20 Gd 1,20 Tb 1,10 Dy 1,22 Ho 1,23 Er 1,24 T 1,25 Yb 1,10 Lu 1,27 Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium NeodymiumPromethiumm Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Homium Erbium Thuliumm Ytterbium Lutetium trong bảng tuần hoàn [Xe]5d16s2 [Xe]4f25d06s [Xe]4f35d06s [Xe]4f45d06s [Xe]4f55d06s [Xe]4f65d06s [Xe]4f75d06s [Xe]4f75d16s [Xe]4f95d06s [Xe]4f105d06s [Xe]4f115d06s2 [Xe]4f125d06s2 [Xe]4f135d06s2 [Xe]4f145d06s2 [Xe]4f145d16s2 3 3,2 4 3,2 4 [2], 23, 4 32 2,2 3 2,2 3 32 3,2 4 3,2 4 3 3 (2), 3 2, 3 3 không kèm thêm dấu 89 (227) 90 232,04 91 231,04 92 238,03 93 (237) 94 (244) 95 (243) 96 (247) 97 (247) 98 (251) 99 (252) 100 (257) 101 (258) 102 (259) 103 (266) - (*): Đồng vị bền Ac 1,10 Th 1,30 Pa 1,50 U 1,38 Np 1,36 Pu 1,28 Am 1,13 C 1,28 Bk 2,20 Cf 1,30 Es 1,30 F 1,30 Md 1,30 No 1,30 Lr Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curiumm Berkelium CaliformiumEinsteiniumFermiumm Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium [Rn]6d17s2 [Rn]5f06d27s [Rn]5f26d17s [Rn]5f36d17s [Rn]5f46d17s [Rn]5f66d07s [Rn]5f76d07s [Rn]5f76d17s [Rn]5f96d07s [Rn]5f106d07s2 [Rn]5f116d07s2 [Rn]5f126d07s [Rn]5f136d07s2 [Rn]5f146d07s2 [Rn]5f146d17s2 2 3 42 4,2 5 [3], 4,2 [5], 6 [3], 4,2 5, 6 [3], 4,2 5, 6 [3], 4,2 5, 6 32 3,2 4 3 3 3 2, 3 2, 3 3
Giáo Án Liên Quan